INTRODUCTION:

India is the 12th biggest consumer markets in the world. Indian market have been witnessing several changes following on towards globalization, liberalization and privatization and a large scale entry of multinational company is a major outcomes of new economic order.

Through the reference from various published research articles regarding consumer protection awareness among consumers, a consumer are vital values of man, they are not depends of producer or seller, the producer and seller depends only a consumer, the consumer are the boss of business and the producer or business man is the server of the consumer.

Now a days, the most of the consumer watching television, hearing radio, reading news paper and magazines. Even though Television attracted by various programme, in this programme many advertisement appearing on, radio, newspaper and magazines etc. Some time, they are mishear, they are burden with problem of choosing the product because more than one product some utility with less information.

Consumer Awareness:

“Any person who buys or uses goods and services is a consumer. A consumer is any person, business, firm or governmental unit that chooses goods and services, spends money on them, and uses these goods and services primarily to satisfy their own wants. From birth, everyone is a consumer in one or the other way”.

The Government, Industry and the Consumers form the three main partners in the venture of National Development. While the Government provides the capital resource, industry utilizes the capital for producing goods and consumer procures the goods paying money for their benefits and facilities. Thus, in layman's understanding, money gets converted to products which in turn get reconverted back to money for an everlasting and constantly growing cycle operation, through the agencies concerned viz. Government, Industry and Consumers. But this is not as simple as stated. In any cycle operation, there can be many blocks. For example, bad counterfeit money is not accepted and circulation gets limited to good money only. Similarly good products get circulated better than bad ones. In other words, good quality products get better acceptance from the consumers who are the buyers. So consulting consumers and satisfying their needs is essential for developing quality services.

Consumer law:

"Consumer protection law" or "consumer law" is considered an area of law that regulates private law relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services. ¹Consumer protection covers a wide range of topics, including but not necessarily limited to product Consumer/business interactions. Such laws deal with credit repair, debt repair, product safety, service and sales contracts, bill collector regulation, pricing, utility turnoffs, consolidation, personal loans that may lead to bankruptcy and much more.

The mahatma Gandhi Wrote in Harijan, the revival of village life is possible only when it’s no more exploited. So the rural consumer awareness absolute and urgent necessity in India and will continue to be so in future.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Sitamber and Manoha(1980)²conducted a study on shopping behavior of consumers which revealed that Indian consumers had no special choice of a particular shop for making a purchase. In most of the families, the male head makes the purchases, restricting the choices of other members of the family to limited variety of goods .He generally selects a shop which is near his residence and where he goes on foot or occasionally uses a bicycle. Generally, the average consumers prefer to buy from the shop where credit is available.

Dogra (1982)³ analyses the buying behavior in the context of magazines. This study revealed that the best selling magazines are not confined to anyone particular segment of the market, nor do they present reading material only on one facet.Further, most of the readers have been found to be price-conscious and less influenced by the advertisements for particular magazine. Hence, ‘word of mouth’ influence or whispering campaign would, probably, be more effective in attracting readers.Since, males in the age group of 20-30 years have been found to be on the look-out for trying something; it will be easier for magazine seller to persuade them.

Thanulingam and Kochadai (1989)⁴ conducted study in Madurai concluded that 50.00 per cent of the consumers were aware of the problem of vacuum or slackness in the packages and hence they shake the packages to find out the extent of slackness. More than 3/4th of (83.33%) consumers were having the habit of checking the rices stamped on the packages. More number of consumers were checking the date of manufacturing (43.33%) and the expiry date (70.00%). Maximum number of consumers (71.67%) had the knowledge about the local tax printed on the packages.

Study on clothing consumption pattern of rural and urban families was conducted by Kulloli (1995)⁵ in Dharwad. Study revealed that rural respondents considered price (65.50%) as the important factor where as urban respondents considered durability (45.50%) while purchasing the clothes. Both rural and urban respondents purchased their dress material either during festival (55.56% of rural and 58.89% of urban) or whenever needed (75.50% of rural and 53.30% of urban). Retail shops situated locally or nearby cities were the places where more than 60.00 per cent of the respondents made their purchase. Majority of rural (91.10%) and urban (83.30%) respondents always demanded the receipt on purchase of clothing material.

Rural and urban respondents ranked nearby market (mean score of 1.47 for rural and 2.10 for urban) and main market (mean score of 0.88 for rural and 1.38 for urban) as their first and second preference of order respectively for the purchase of food items. The prime factor indicated by the rural respondents for buying their food items was appearance with mean score of 4.01, followed by price, quality and place of buying to which they ranked second, third and fourth with mean scores of 3.81, 3.45 and 2.96 respectively. But urban respondents visualized these factors little differently and ranked quality, appearance, place of buying and expiry date as first, second, third and fourth ranks with mean score of 4.69, 4.01, 3.20 and 3.05 respectively. This finding was reported by Dhillon et al. (1995)⁶from Ludhiana.

Purchasing practices of consumers in Parbhani was studied by Kulkarni and Murali (1996)⁷. The results revealed that 83.50 per cent of consumers were seeking the information from television regarding the products availability and this was followed by neighbors (71.00%) and newspapers (69.50%). Consumers preferred retail market for the purchase of groceries (65.00%), milk and milk products (100.00%), vegetables (100.00%), fruits (100.00%) and snacks (75.00%) and they adopted cash payment. Majority (75.00%) of the consumers preferred quality for the purchase of food.

Sarwade (2002)⁸ conducted a study in Adul, Paithan and Sangvi villages of Marathwada region and author concluded that majority of the respondents owned consumer durables. More than half of the respondents owned television, radio, tape recorder, bicycle, fan, clock and wrist watch in all the three villages. Least percentage of them owned sofa, camera, motorcycle and sewing machine. Price was the most important factor which influenced the purchasing decision as against the quality of the product.

Gambhir (2002)⁹ conducted a study in Chandigarh revealed that 63.47 per cent bought packed goods and out of this only 36.53 per cent were satisfied and 67.59 per cent were not satisfied with the quality of packed products.

Mehrotra and Kaur (2004)¹⁰ conducted a study in three randomly selected urban localities namely Maya Nagar, Santi Nagar and B.R.S Nagar of Ludhiana city. They reported that attitude of the respondents towards electrical kitchen equipment was noted as ‘time and energy saver’ claimed highest mean score in the three localities viz., 3.80, 3.95 and 4.05,respectively, followed by ‘easy to use’ (3.76, 3.92 and 3.95, respectively). Price was the prime factor which affected the purchase in all the three localities followed by brand in Santi Nagar and B.R.S Nagar residence and durability was considered by Maya Nagar residence respondents.

¹¹Kautilya who had even so long ago, imposed the king the duty of preventing malpractices by business. Before Independence, there was no specific legislation regarding consumer affairs but after independence they enacted a landmark legislation called the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 to deliver justice to the consumers through the District Forum, State Forum and National Forum.

Statement of the Problem:

In India more than 76 per cent of the people are living in villages and 24 percent of the people are living in urban areas. The development of India depends on development of villages and that is possible only though the growth of agriculture and its allied activities. Rural population is always busy with their day to day activities; they did not find the time to know about their rights. There are backbone of Indian economy the most of the market. But, as a consumer, the rural and urban people do not have much awareness of their basic consumer protection rights. Hence, there is an urgent need for conduct a study to know about their level of awareness towards consumer protection rights and responsibilities. This regulated area for the researcher, hence, the present study has been undertaken to fill the gap. This study helps to the policy makers to protect the rural and urban consumers.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1.To know the consumer protection awareness level among the rural and urban consumers of Tirupati region, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2.To identify the sources of information for creating consumer protection awareness.

Hypotheses:

· H_O1: There is no significant influence of Television towards the awareness of consumer protection rights of urban and rural consumers in the Tirupati region.

· H_O2: There is no significant influence of Radio towards the awareness of consumer protection rights of urban and rural consumers in the Tirupati region.

· Ho₃: There is no significant influence of News paper towards the awareness of consumer protection rights of urban and rural consumers in the Tirupati region.

· Ho₄: There is no significant influence of Journal towards the awareness of consumer protection rights of urban and rural consumers in the Tirupati region.

· Ho₅: There is no significant influence of Magazine towards the awareness of consumer protection rights of urban and rural consumers in the Tirupati region.

· Ho₆: There is no significant influence of Outdoor Advertisements towards the awareness of consumer protection rights of urban and rural consumers in the Tirupati region.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research methodology is the process of solving the problem systematically by research. The objective of the study is to solve the problem by using available data.

Research Design:

Research design is a detailed blue print used to guide the research study towards its objectives. In this study the researchers used descriptive design.

Descriptive research design:

Descriptive research can be either quantitative or qualitative. It can involve collections of quantitative information that can be tabulated along a continuum in numerical form, such as scores on a test or the number of times a person chooses to use a-certain feature of a multimedia program, or it can describe categories of information such as gender or patterns of interaction when using technology in a group situation. Descriptive research involves gathering data that describe events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection. It often uses visual aids such as graphs and charts to aid the reader in understanding the data distribution. Because the human mind cannot extract the full import of a large mass of raw data, descriptive statistics are very important in reducing the data to manageable form. When in-depth, narrative descriptions of small numbers of cases are involved, the research uses description as a tool to organize data into patterns that emerge during analysis. Those patterns aid the mind in comprehending a qualitative study and its implications.

Sample technique:

Sample is the fraction of the population; sampling is a technique or a method of selection of samples. The researcher in carrying out this research adopted the most appropriate sampling technique for research that is the convenience sampling technique.

The researchers have taken 120 (60 from urban and 60 from rural areas) samples randomly from the total population. In Tiruapti rural area contains 27 villages out of them, we have selected 5 villages namely, Avilala, Chiguruwad, Kothur, Mallavaram and Perumalpalle for collecting sample ..Primary sources of data collected through questionnaire where as secondary data are collected from magazines, journals and websites.

Instrument Design:

Method adopted for communication:

Personal interview is the method of contact used with the respondents. Personal interviewing method is used because sample size is relatively small and interviewer can ask more questions.

Structure of the instrument:

For collecting primary data, method used is questionnaire. It is the most popular method used when the population and sample size are large. A questionnaire includes a number of questions, printed in proper sequence, for presenting to respondents for their answers. Each question is contributing to research objectives. Questionnaire was designed with most of closed ended questions and only few open ended question. It was designed to cater to all areas and aspects of the study.

Data analysis and Interpretation:

The data has been collected with the help of questionnaire. The independent variables identified were socio economic factors such as, income, education, age, and gender. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools (weighted arithmetic mean, percentages and chi-square tool) and interpreted with the help of tables along with relevant descriptions. Appropriate treatment has been done to the raw data and logical conclusions are drawn based on the findings.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

Sample size is small, Respondents may not give exact opinion and resources are limited .The results obtained from this study may not be generalized.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The present study has covered rural and urban areas of tirupati region. The respondent’s demographic profiles are as follows:

The analysis of data indicates that 47.50 % of the respondents are in the age group of less 30 years. 31.67 % of respondents belong to the age group of 30-40 years. Another 20.83 % respondents are in the age group of 40 and above years respective to their residential status. Thus, the analysis clearly projects that those respondents who are in the age group of less than 30 years dominate the sample.

In rural area , 50 percent of respondents are less than 30 years, 20 % of respondents are in the age group of 30-40 years and 10 % of respondents are in the age group of 41 and above yrs where as in the urban area 45 % of respondents are less than 30 years and 30 % in the age group of 30-40 years. The analysis elaborates that the sample includes 56.67 % are married respondents and 43.33 % respondents are unmarried .This signifies that the respondents in married category dominate the sample. The table shows that the majority of respondents (43.33 %) studied up to ssc irrespective to their residential status. Majority of the respondents (41.67 %) are in the monthly income group of Rs. 5000-10000 irrespective of the residential status. In rural area, majority of( 26 % ) the respondents monthly level is than Rs. 5000 and where as in urban area ,Majority of the respondents (30 %) are in the monthly income of Rs.5000-10000 .This signifies that respondents who have the monthly income of Rs 5000-10000 dominate the sample irrespective of residential status. Higher income group fall in the urban area as compared to rural. The study also depicts that the urban respondents are more aware than rural respondents.

Table -1: Distribution of Respondents as per Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Characteristics	Rural		Urban		Total
Demographic Characteristics	No	%	No	%	No	%
Age Group: Less than 30	30	50.00	27	45.00	57	47.50
30-40	20	33.33	18	30.00	38	31.67
41 and above	10	16.67	15	25.00	25	20.83
Marital status: Un married	28	46.67	24	40.00	52	43.33
Married	32	53.33	36	60.00	68	56.67
Education : up to SSC	24	40.00	28	46.67	52	43.33
Inter	08	13.33	12	20.00	20	16.67
Graduation and above	4	6.67	15	25.00	19	15.83
illiteracy	24	40.00	05	8.33	29	24.17
Monthly Income(Rs.) :< 5000	26		11		37	30.83
5000 -10000	20		30		50	41.67
10001-15000	10		13		23	19.17
15001 and above	4		6		10	8.33

Source: Primary data

Table -2: Level of Awareness towards Consumer Legal law Awareness

Level of awareness	Urban		Rural		Total
Level of awareness	No : 60	%	No : 60	%	No(120)	Percentage
1. Adulteration of food Stuff
Not Aware	21	35.00	36	60.00	57	47.50
Just Aware	11	18.33	07	11.67	18	15.00
Moderately aware	10	16.67	05	8.33	15	12.50
Highly Aware	18	30.00	12	20.00	30	25.00
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
2.Adulteration of drugs
Not Aware	8	13.33	30	50.00	38	31.67
Just Aware	10	16.67	6	10.00	16	13.33
Moderately Aware	22	36.67	13	21.67	35	29.17
Highly Aware	20	33.33	11	18.33	31	25.83
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
3. Short weight of measures
Not Aware	31	51.67	41	68.33	72	60.00
Just Aware	9	15.00	5	8.33	14	11.67
Moderately Aware	11	18.33	7	11.67	18	15.00
Highly Aware	9	15.00	7	11.67	16	13.33
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
4.False Weights
Not Aware	15	25.00	26	43.33	41	34.17
Just Aware	10	16.67	11	18.33	21	17.50
Moderately Aware	22	36.67	18	30.00	40	33.33
Highly Aware	13	21.67	5	8.33	18	15.00
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
5.Mis use of weights of measures
Not Aware	27	45.00	38	63.33	65	54.17
Just Aware	10	16.67	12	20	22	18.33
Moderately Aware	10	16.67	5	8.33	15	12.50
Highly Aware	13	21.67	5	8.33	18	15.00
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
6.Using stones for weights
Not Aware	10	16.67	28	46.67	38	31.67
Just Aware	12	16.67	11	18.33	23	19.67
Moderately Aware	18	30.00	11	18.33	29	24.17
Highly Aware	20	33.33	10	16.67	30	25.00
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
7. Using handmade balances
Not Aware	30	50.00	42	70.00	72	60.00
Just Aware	5	8.33	6	10.00	11	9.17
Moderately Aware	15	25.00	8	13.33	23	19.17
Highly Aware	10	16.67	4	6.67	14	11.67
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
8. Using deceitful advertisement.
Not Aware	20	33.33	32	53.33	52	43.33
Just Aware	12	20.00	13	21.67	25	20.83
Moderately Aware	15	25.00	7	11.67	22	18.33
Highly Aware	13	21.67	8	13.33	21	17.50
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
9.Using deceitful packaging
Not Aware	33	55.00	40	66.67	73	60.83
Just Aware	5	8.33	6	10	11	9.17
Moderately Aware	12	20.00	8	13.33	20	16.67
Highly Aware	10	16.67	6	10	16	13.33
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00
10.With out giving weighted contents
Not Aware	42	70.00	51	85.00	93	77.50
Just Aware	0	0	1	1.67	1	0.83
Moderately Aware	7	11.67	4	6.67	11	9.17
Highly Aware	11	18.33	4	6.67	15	12.5
Total	60	100.00	60	100.00	120	100.00

Source: Primary data

The respondents were asked about their level of awareness of consumer protection laws / rights and table 2 shows that in the Tirupati region the consumers have the highest aware with regard to adulteration o f drugs, using stones for weights, false weights, using deceitful advertisements and lower awareness with remaining consumer protection rights irrespective of the residential status.

Weighted arithmetic mean of awareness:

To measure the weighted mean of awareness of consumers concerning consumer protection rights in tirupati region, four point likert scale (not aware, just aware, moderately aware and highly aware) is used. Weights are given as follows 0 for not aware, 1 for just aware, 2 for moderately aware and 3 for highly aware.

The weighted mean of awareness = weighted sum of awareness / sum of weights

Table –3: Weighted average awareness of respondents views on consumer legal law awareness

Consumer legal law	Urban	Rural
1.Adulteration of food stuff	14.17	8.83
2.Adulteration of drugs	19	10.83
3.Short weight of measures	9.67	6.67
4.False weights	15.5	10.33
5.Misuse of weights of measures	11.5	6.17
6.Using stones for weights	18	10.50
7.Using handmade balances	10.83	5.67
8.Using deceitful advertisement	13.5	8.5
9. Using deceitful packaging	9.83	6.67
10.Without giving weighted contents	7.83	3.5

Source: calculated on the basis of table 2

The above table indicates that urban respondents were more awared than rural area respondents. On the basis of weighted average score with regard to adulteration of drugs, urban people (19) highly awared than the rural respondents (10.83). Using stones for weights law were aware with weighted mean of 18 in urban area and that of rural area was 10.50. Therefore, urban people were highly aware of Adulteration of drugs, using stones for weights, using handmade balances ,false weights and adulteration of food stuff and remaining were low awareness and where as rural people were highly aware of adulteration of drugs, using stones for weights and false weights and remaining were low awareness .

Table- 4 explains the role of mass media for creating consumer legal law about product standard. The respondents are asked to view their opinion, how they are get the information regarding the product standard. Majority of the respondent’s got some information of consumer protection through newspaper (71.67%) followed by TV (61.67%), outdoor advertisement (58.33%) and Radio (51.67%). Journal and magazine are the media least commonly used sources of information irrespective of their residential status. TV is played a moderate role of creating consumer interest. It is found that most of the rural consumer they came to aware of consumer protection through the newspaper and Radio.It is a fact that the rural consumers are highly favored to listening Radio programme. In every village there is a tea shop, in the tea shop, most of them assembled every morning and go through the newspaper and then they passed the message to others. On the basis the rural consumers have the awareness of consumer legal law. Hence, they are given higher priority to Radio and newspaper. In urban area, most of the consumers getting awareness of consumer protection through the TV (76.67% ) , News paper (73.33 %) and Outdoor advertisements (63.33 %).

Table no 4: Sources of Consumer Protection Awareness

Sources of Consumer Protection	Opinion	Frequency		Percentage		Total
Sources of Consumer Protection	Opinion	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	No	%
Television	Yes	46	28	76.67	46.67	74	61.67
	No	14	32	23.33	53.33	46	38.33
	total	60	60	100	100	120	100
Radio	Yes	29	33	48.33	55.00	62	51.67
	No	31	27	51.67	45.00	58	48.33
	total	60	60	100	100	120	100
News Paper	Yes	44	42	73.33	70.00	86	71.67
	No	16	18	26.67	30.00	34	28.33
	*total*	60	60	100	100	120	100
Journal	Yes	28	14	46.67	23.33	42	35.00
	No	32	46	53.33	76.67	78	65.00
	total	60	60	100	100	120	100
Magazine	Yes	26	12	43.33	20.00	38	31.67
	No	34	48	56.67	80.00	82	68.33
	total	60	60	100	100	120	100
Outdoor Advertisement	Yes	38	32	63.33	53.33	70	58.33
	No	22	28	36.67	46.67	50	41.67
	total	60	60	100	100	120	100

Source: Primary data.

From the table-5, it is clear that the calculated value of χ² = 11.41 for degrees of freedom(d.f) = (2-1) (2-1) = 1 and chi-square table value at 0.01level of significance is 6.635. The calculated value of chi-square (11.41) is more than that of table value (6.635).Hence Null Hypothesis (Ho₁) is rejected and the research hypothesis (H_a) is accepted. We may conclude that the television is significantly creating awareness among the urban and rural consumers of Tirupati region and also conclude that there is significant difference among urban and rural consumers with regard to consumer protection awareness by influence of television.

There is significant difference in the consumer protection awareness among the urban and rural consumers with regard to journal and Magazine as source of consumer awareness and where as there is no significant difference in the consumer protection awareness among the urban and rural consumers with regard to radio, news paper and outdoor advertisements.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

From the above study it was found that majority of consumers belongs to the age of less than 30 years and is from rural areas. The analysis further reveals that majority of the respondents in the Tirupati region are followed by unmarried. It is also clear from the analysis that the highest proportion of the respondents fall in the category of ssc. Majority of respondents fall in the category of monthly income group of Rs.5000 – 10000.In the Tirupati region the highest proportion of the total respondents is highly aware of consumer law awareness with regard to adulteration of food stuff, adulteration of drugs, using stones for weights and using deceitful advertisements and less awareness with regard to without giving weighted contents, using deceitful packaging, using handmade balances, short weight of measures and misuse of weights of measures irrespective of residential status. The awareness of consumers in urban area is significantly higher than those in rural area . The analysis further shows that the proportion of consumers who reported that their source of consumer awareness protection rights is highly influenced by the News paper and Television media.

Most of the respondents are expressed that the mass media like TV, Radio and Newspaper are the most important sources for creating consumer protection awareness. Whereas Journals and Magazine are the least sources among the rural respondents for making consumer protection awareness. Moreover, outdoor advertisements are also having the some impact on Consumer protection awareness. The collected data are coded and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. The findings gave a might into the extent of consumer lack of awareness of many facts that are of much relevance for their own welfare. Urban people have more awareness towards consumer protection than the rural people. Rural respondents are lacking with their rights and responsibility. They should be educated and trained towards their own welfare.

REFERENCES:

1 Consumer protection Act 1986 (March 2004) published by FEDCOT .

2 Sitamber,G .and Manohar,K.M., “Consumer Shopping Behaviour”, Indian Journal of Marketing,Vol.II,No.3,1980:18-20.

3 Dogra,S.B., “Buyers Behaviour in Magazines”,Indian Journal of Marketing,Vol.XXI,No.8,1982,7-10.

4 Thanulingam, N. and Kochadai, M., 1989, an evaluation of consumer awareness. Indian Journal of Marketing, 19 (8): .3-8.

5 Kulloli, S., 1995, Clothing consumption pattern of rural and urban families of M.H.Sc. Thesis,Univ. of Agricultural Science, Dharwad.

6 Dhillon, M.K., Miglani, S.S. and Singh, M.K.B., 1995, Preference of place and factors associated with purchase of food items and durable goods by rural and urban consumers. J. of Res. Punjab Agril. Univ., 32 (1) : 112-120.

7 Kulkarni, M.S. and Murali, D., 1996, Study on purchasing practices of consumers of Parbhani Town. Indian Journal of Marketing, 26 : 3-7.

8 Sarwade, W.K., 2002, Emerging dimensions of buyers behaviour in rural area. Ind. J. of Mkting, 32: 13-21.

9 Gambhir, C., 2002, Consumer protection: Law and Practice. Indian Journal of Marketing, .32: 17-20.

10 Mehrotra, N. and Kaur, M., 2004, Factors associated with selection of electrical Kitchen equipment among consumers of Ludhiana city. J. of Res. Punjab Agril. Univ., 41(4) :523-25.

11 Consumer Protection Act-1986.

12. www.cci.gov.in.

Received on 21.12.2013 Modified on 05.01.2014

Asian J. Management 5(1): January–March, 2014 page 28-34

S.No	Chi-square test variables	χ²Cal. value	χ²Table Value for 1d.f	Result
1	Television and Residential status	11.41	6.635	Ho₁ rejected. i.e., Alternative Hypothesis accepted
2	Radio and Residential status	0.538	6.636	Null hypothesis (Ho₂) accepted.
3	News Paper andResidential status	0.165	6.635	Null hypothesis(Ho₃) accepted
4	Journal and Residential status	7.17	6.635	Ho₄ rejected. i.e., Alternative hypothesis accepted
5	Magazine and Residential status	7.55	6.635	Ho₅is rejected_.i.e., Alternative hypothesis accepted
6	Outdoor Advertisements and Residential status	1.23	6.635	Null hypothesis is ( Ho₆ )accepted