Library Management in Digital Era:  A Study with Special Reference to Selected University Libraries of Chhattisgarh

 

Purnima Kumari*, Maya Verma

Department of Library and Information Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010   Chhattisgarh India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: purnima.27@rediffmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

The advent of IT has made a clear and persistent impact in almost the area of library services. The paper highlights the management of selected University libraries of Chhattisgarh. It describes the information sources, services and facilities preferred and satisfaction level of the services given to library users and the library environment's quick changes to new generation of libraries.

 

KEY WORDS: Digital, Management, Library, University, Chhattisgarh

 

 


INTRODUCTION:

Existence of books in human life is older than the invention of paper and printing. Storage of knowledge acquired by observations was preserved on Clay's tablets, strips, leather and copper sheets. From the beginning at the end of the mediaeval era, library was used personal property. It means that individuals had a monopoly on it. The invention and spread of printing technology and the rise of democratic ideologies increased the use of the libraries in modern era. At the end of 19th century books became necessary sources of information in 20th century, not only books but Microfilms, cassettes, videos, computers, etc. were also used for spreading the knowledge.

 

 

Since last few years due to the impact of ICT, libraries change drastically. Now customized  information packages, electronic books, own e-repository, library management systems, etc. part of modern libraries. The application of ICT is widespread in many discipline.[Wasik (2004), Dollah, W.A.K.W.(2006)] wrote that the dynamic nature of the Internet creates an ever-changing information environment and transforms the way information is delivered and accessed. Since a great number of users connect to the Internet [Penka (2003), Dollah, W.A.K.W.(2006)], their expectation of immediate access to information and knowledge resources steadily increases.

 

The concept of the traditional library is changing in terms of the forms of documents, services, organization of resources, method of information retrieval from the available resources. Now many Universities of India have started the digitization of their valuable resources. The Universities libraries are acquiring various types of digital resources and providing links to open access sites for their users.

 

ABOUT THE UNIVERSITIES:

Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University is Chhattisgarh's largest and oldest institution of higher education, founded in 1964, and named after the first chief minister of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh.  The campus of University is spread in 207 acres of land. There are Twenty-Nine teaching departments in the University. There are 180 educational institutions affiliated to the University. The library of this university took birth in a small room of Govt. Science College, Raipur in 1965. In 1970, it was shifted to its own building where it is situated today. It was named after Pt. Sundarlal Sharma the legendry freedom fighter and social reformer by Shri Arjun Singh, the Chief Minister of M P in December 1985. (http://www.prsu.ac.in)

 

Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, is a Central University of India, located in Bilaspur C.G. State, established under Central Universities Act 2009, No. 25 of 2009. Formerly called Guru Ghasidas University (GGU), established by an Act of the State Legislative Assembly, was formally inaugurated on June 16, 1983. The university is appropriately named to honor the great Satnami Saint Guru Ghasidas (born in 17th century). The Central Library was established on 26th Oct. 1984 as a part of the University to meet the academic needs and requirements of the students, teachers and research scholars. It is housed in a spacious building, having been seating capacity of more than 500 at a time. (http://www.ggu.ac.in)

 

Indira Gandhi Krishi vishwavidyalaya is an autonomous nonprofit, research and educational organization working for the up-liftment of farmer’s livelihood of Chhattisgarh. The University was established on 20th January 1987 after bifurcating from Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidylayaya, Jabalpur. The Nehru Library is an important educational centre of the University and working as Central Library of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya. Nehru Library established in 1987. The Nehru Library has been well equipped with the latest communication media and information technology. (http://www.igau.edu.in)

 

Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur, established by the Government of Chhattisgarh under the Hidayatullah National University of Law, Chhattisgarh, Act. (Act No.10 of 2003). HNLU is a Residential University and is sixth in the series of National Law Schools in India. The Law Library is an integral division of the HNLU. The library of the HNLU is considered as a laboratory of a scientific institute, where the apparatuses for the law students are the classic law books, case law reports and journals that are available in full sets. The students would perform legal research like experiments to augment their studies by using these equipments. (http://www.hnlu.ac.in)

 

OBJECTIVE:

The study of conducted following objectives:-

1. To identify the changes in the library in digital era.

2.  To measure satisfaction level of Users.

3. To identify the Services and facilities preferred by the Users.

 

METHODOLOGY:

The study is carried out using survey method and accordingly a pre structured questionnaire was designed as the instrument for data collection. Users were selected randomly. A total of 200 pre structured questionnaires were distributed among the users of selected four universities of Chhattisgarh. After few efforts 160 users responded by sending the questionnaire. Data received from the questionnaire systematically analyzed and Conclusion drawn.

 

SCOPE OF STUDY:

There are total 16 Universities in Chhattisgarh out of which following four University has been identified for present study on the basis of their prominence in diverse nature.

1.     Pt RaviShankar shukla University, Raipur

2.     Guru GhasidasUniversity, Bilaspur

3.     Indira Gandhi Krishi vishwavidyalaya, Raipur

4.     Hidaytullah National Law University, Naya Raipur

 

 

DATA ANALYSIS:

The data collected from the responded as analyzed as bellow:-

Table- 1 -Changes in Library in Digital era

 

Frequency

Percent

Yes

146

91.2

No

14

8.8

Total

160

100

 

 

Table no.1 shows that 91.2% of the respondents where of the opinion that in the present digital era library has changed however only 8.8% responded don’t see any change.

 


Table 2- Students level of satisfaction on library services in tradition and digital era,

Services

Tradition Era

Digital Era

Mean Diff.

‘t’

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Circulation Service

2.33

.87

2.11

.89

.22

2.79**

Catalouging

2.39

.91

1.93

1.01

.46

5.83**

e-resource retrival facility

2.63

1.09

2.06

.96

.58

7.01**

Content page alert service on current journals

2.94

1.15

2.49

1.23

.45

5.51**

Current awareness services of newly acquired books

2.81

1.11

2.53

1.21

.28

3.34**

Reference/information service

2.57

1.02

2.15

.97

.42

4.71**

Online renewal

3.41

1.29

2.66

1.45

.75

6.13**

Book bank facility

2.85

1.32

2.75

1.02

.10

0.32(NS)

Reading hall facility

1.88

.94

1.84

.92

.04

0.59(NS)

Library collection

2.07

.93

1.97

.79

.10

1.67(NS)

IT implement

2.46

.96

2.08

1.01

.38

5.42**

Personnel

2.29

.06

2.21

.87

.08

1.55

** Significant at .01 level; NS - Not Significant

 

 


Table 2 shows students are of the opinion that Circulation Service, Cataloguing, e-resource retrieval facility, Content page alert service on current journals, Current awareness services of newly acquired books, Reference/information service, Online renewal, IT implement in digital era is more satisfactory compare to traditional one as the significant level is .01 level is more satisfactory. Contrary to that Book bank facility, Reading hall facility, Library collection and Personnel services, the satisfaction level of students are same in digital era to traditional one.


 

 


 

 

Table 3 -Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur services and facilities

Rank

Scale

Factors

I

83

II

72

III

65

IV

59

V

55

VI

50

VII

45

VIII

41

IX

35

X

28

XI

17

Total

Total Score

Mean Score

Rank

Staff helpfulness

f

22

5

1

4

2

2

2

0

0

1

1

40

2832

70.80

1

fx

1826

360

65

236

110

100

90

0

0

28

17

Staff friendliness

f

6

18

1

1

2

6

0

3

1

1

1

40

2531

63.27

2

fx

498

1296

65

59

110

300

0

123

35

28

17

Staff competence

f

1

0

4

2

2

5

7

2

4

9

4

40

1678

41.95

10

fx

83

0

260

118

110

250

315

82

140

252

68

Noise level

f

2

1

8

6

1

1

1

7

7

4

2

40

1940

48.50

7

fx

166

72

520

354

55

50

45

287

245

112

34

Cleanliness

f

2

3

4

5

10

2

3

3

2

3

3

40

2050

51.25

5

fx

166

216

260

295

550

100

135

123

70

84

51

Security and safety

f

2

5

6

2

3

10

3

2

2

2

3

40

2093

52.32

3

fx

166

360

390

118

165

500

135

82

70

56

51

Computers with internet access

f

1

3

6

8

3

6

3

3

3

2

2

40

2079

51.97

4

fx

83

216

390

472

165

300

135

123

105

56

34

Wireless access to the internet

f

3

1

3

4

6

1

9

8

3

1

1

40

2015

50.37

6

fx

249

72

195

236

330

50

405

328

105

28

17

e-resources access to outside

f

1

2

3

2

5

4

4

6

9

2

2

40

1846

46.15

8

fx

83

144

195

118

275

200

180

246

315

56

34

Downloadable e-resources

f

0

2

2

5

3

1

6

4

4

10

3

40

1689

42.22

9

fx

0

144

130

295

165

50

270

164

140

280

51

Inter library loan services

f

0

0

2

1

3

2

2

2

5

5

18

40

1247

31.17

11

fx

0

0

130

59

165

100

90

82

175

140

306

x = Scale value; f = Number of respondents; fx = Score

Percentage rank from I to XI was calculated by formula and Garrett Scale.

 

 


From the table 3 mentioned above, it is evident that students of Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur has ranked Staff helpfulness as 1st rank whereas they have ranked 2nd staff friendliness. Staff Competence has been ranked 10th, Noise level is 7th, Cleanliness is 5th, Security and Safety is 3rd, Computer with Internet access is 4th, Wireless access to the Internet is 6th, e-resources to outside is 8th, Downloadable e-resources is 9th and Inter library loan services is 11th.


 

 

 

 


Table 4 -Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur Library services and facilities

Rank Scale

Factors

I

83

II

72

III

65

IV

59

V

55

VI

50

VII

45

VIII

41

IX

35

X

28

XI

17

Total

Total Score

Mean Score

Rank

Staff helpfulness

f

14

4

2

1

2

3

8

0

3

1

2

40

2426

60.65

1

fx

1162

288

130

59

110

150

360

0

105

28

34

Staff friendliness

f

1

10

6

2

1

5

2

6

1

5

1

40

2144

53.60

4

fx

83

720

390

118

55

250

90

246

35

140

17

Staff competence

f

1

0

8

5

4

2

6

5

7

0

2

40

1972

49.30

8

fx

83

0

520

295

220

100

270

205

245

0

34

Noise level

f

2

3

1

11

3

9

1

3

0

4

3

40

2042

51.05

6

fx

166

216

65

649

165

450

45

123

0

112

51

Cleanliness

f

6

2

4

5

7

1

5

2

2

3

3

40

2144

53.61

5

fx

498

144

260

295

385

50

225

82

70

84

51

Security and safety

f

8

5

5

3

6

5

0

2

3

0

3

40

2344

58.60

2

fx

664

360

325

177

330

250

0

82

105

0

51

Computers with internet access

f

5

8

4

3

3

5

5

3

2

0

2

40

2295

57.37

3

fx

415

576

260

177

165

250

225

123

70

0

34

Wireless access to the internet

f

1

8

2

4

4

2

4

6

4

3

2

40

2029

50.72

7

fx

83

576

130

236

220

100

180

246

140

84

34

e-resources access to outside

f

1

0

5

1

2

2

1

5

8

10

5

40

1572

39.30

10

fx

83

0

325

59

110

100

45

205

280

280

85

Downloadable e-resources

f

0

0

2

3

5

4

4

8

5

6

3

40

1684

42.10

9

fx

0

0

130

177

275

200

180

328

175

168

51

Inter library loan services

f

1

0

1

2

3

2

4

0

5

8

14

40

1348

33.70

11

fx

83

0

65

118

165

100

180

0

175

224

238

x = Scale value; f = Number of respondents; fx = Score

Percentage rank from I to XI was calculated by formula and Garrett Scale.

 


From the table 4 shows that students of Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur has ranked Staff helpfulness as 1st rank whereas they have ranked 4th of staff friendliness. Staff Competence has been ranked 8th, Noise level is 6th, Cleanliness is 5th, Security and Safety is 2nd, Computer with Internet access is 3rd, Wireless access to the Internet is 7th, e-resources to outside is 10th, Downloadable e-resources is 9th and Inter library loan services is 11th.


 

Table 5- Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur Library services and facilities

Rank Scale

Factors

I

83

II

72

III

65

IV

59

V

55

VI

50

VII

45

VIII

41

IX

35

X

28

XI

17

Total

Total Score

Mean Score

Rank

Staff helpfulness

f

10

4

2

7

0

4

2

5

5

0

1

40

2348

58.70

1

fx

830

288

130

413

0

200

90

205

175

0

17

Staff friendliness

f

4

3

8

4

5

1

5

2

2

5

1

40

2163

54.07

3

fx

332

216

520

236

275

50

225

82

70

140

17

Staff competence

f

0

2

4

7

7

2

2

5

4

3

4

40

1889

47.22

8

fx

0

144

260

413

385

100

90

205

140

84

68

Noise level

f

2

6

1

6

1

5

3

1

5

2

8

40

1865

46.62

9

fx

166

432

65

354

55

250

135

41

175

56

136

Cleanliness

f

6

3

4

1

7

4

4

2

0

7

2

40

2110

52.75

5

fx

498

216

260

59

385

200

180

82

0

196

34

Security and safety

f

6

4

3

3

5

4

5

5

0

3

2

40

2181

54.52

2

fx

498

288

195

177

275

200

225

205

0

84

34

Computers with internet access

f

3

6

3

1

3

6

5

5

3

3

2

40

2053

51.32

6

fx

249

432

195

59

165

300

225

205

105

84

34

Wireless access to the internet

f

4

4

5

4

1

5

5

5

5

1

1

40

2136

53.40

4

fx

332

288

325

236

55

250

225

205

175

28

17

e-resources access to outside

f

1

3

5

3

4

5

5

4

4

4

2

40

1946

48.65

7

fx

83

216

325

177

220

250

225

164

140

112

34

Downloadable e-resources

f

3

2

3

3

5

3

1

1

7

8

4

40

1813

45.32

10

fx

249

144

195

177

275

150

45

41

245

224

68

Inter library loan services

f

1

3

2

1

2

1

3

5

5

4

13

40

1496

37.40

11

fx

83

216

130

59

110

50

135

205

175

112

221

x = Scale value; f = Number of respondents; fx = Score

Percentage rank from I to XI was calculated by formula and Garrett Scale.


From the table 5 mentioned above, it is evident that students of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur has ranked Staff helpfulness as 1st rank whereas they have ranked 3rd of staff friendliness. Staff Competence has been ranked 8th, Noise level is 9th, Cleanliness is 5th, Security and Safety is 2nd, Computer with Internet access is 6th, Wireless access to the Internet is 4th, e-resources to outside is 7th, Downloadable e-resources is 10th and Inter library loan services is 11th.


 

Table 6 -Hidaytullah National Law University, Raipur Library services and facilities

Rank Scale

Factors

I

83

II

72

III

65

IV

59

V

55

VI

50

VII

45

VIII

41

IX

35

X

28

XI

17

Total

Total Score

Mean Score

Rank

Staff helpfulness

f

20

5

0

2

7

2

4

0

0

0

0

40

2803

70.07

1

fx

1660

360

0

118

385

100

180

0

0

0

0

Staff friendliness

f

4

23

2

9

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

40

2754

68.85

2

fx

332

1656

130

531

55

50

0

0

0

0

0

Staff competence

f

2

2

30

3

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

40

2559

63.97

3

fx

166

144

1950

177

55

50

0

0

0

0

17

Noise level

f

1

7

3

12

1

1

3

4

0

4

4

40

2074

51.85

5

fx

83

504

195

708

55

50

135

164

0

112

68

Cleanliness

f

0

0

3

1

16

6

1

3

7

3

0

40

1931

48.27

6

fx

0

0

195

59

880

300

45

123

245

84

0

Security and safety

f

10

1

0

4

2

12

3

3

3

1

1

40

2256

56.40

4

fx

830

72

0

236

110

600

135

123

105

28

17

Computers with internet access

f

1

1

0

2

6

2

17

6

3

2

0

40

1875

46.87

7

fx

83

72

0

118

330

100

765

246

105

56

0

Wireless access to the internet

f

1

0

0

3

2

6

3

15

6

0

4

40

1698

42.45

8

fx

83

0

0

177

110

300

135

615

210

0

68

e-resources access to outside

f

1

0

0

3

4

3

5

5

12

5

2

40

1654

41.35

9

fx

83

0

0

177

220

150

225

205

420

140

34

Downloadable e-resources

f

0

0

1

1

0

5

2

2

5

20

4

40

1349

33.72

10

fx

0

0

65

59

0

250

90

82

175

560

68

Inter library loan services

f

0

1

1

0

0

1

2

2

4

5

24

40

1047

26.17

11

fx

0

72

65

0

0

50

90

82

140

140

408

x = Scale value; f = Number of respondents; fx = Score

Percentage rank from I to XI was calculated by formula and Garrett Scale.

 


From the table 6 mentioned above, it is evident that students of Hidaytullah National Law University, Raipur has ranked Staff helpfulness, Staff friendliness and staff competence  are most preferred services and 1st ,2nd and 3rd rank given in the priority order of maximum respondents. Noise level is 5th, Cleanliness is 6th, Security and Safety is 4rd, Computer with Internet access is 7th, Wireless access to the Internet is 8th, e-resources to outside is 9th, Downloadable e-resources is 10th and Inter library loan services is 11th.


 

Table 7 -Chhattisgarh Library services and facilities University of Chhattisgarh

Rank Scale

Factors

I

83

II

72

III

65

IV

59

V

55

VI

50

VII

45

VIII

41

IX

35

X

28

XI

17

Total

Total Score

M

R

Staff helpfulness

F

66

18

5

14

11

11

16

5

8

2

4

160

10409

65.06

1

Fx

5478

1296

325

826

605

550

720

205

280

56

68

Staff friendliness

F

15

54

17

16

9

13

7

11

4

11

3

160

9592

59.95

2

Fx

1245

3888

1105

944

495

650

315

451

140

308

51

Staff competence

F

4

4

46

17

14

10

15

12

15

12

11

160

8098

50.61

5

Fx

332

288

2990

1003

770

500

675

492

525

336

187

Noise level

F

7

17

13

35

6

16

8

15

12

14

17

160

7921

49.51

7

Fx

581

1224

845

2065

330

800

360

615

420

392

289

Cleanliness

F

14

8

15

12

40

13

13

10

11

16

8

160

8235

51.47

6

Fx

1162

576

975

708

2200

650

585

410

385

448

136

Security and safety

F

26

15

14

12

16

31

11

12

8

6

9

160

8874

55.46

3

Fx

2158

1080

910

708

880

1550

495

492

280

168

153

Computers with internet access

F

10

18

13

14

15

19

30

17

11

7

6

160

8302

51.89

4

Fx

830

1296

845

826

825

950

1350

697

385

196

102

Wireless access to the internet

F

9

13

10

15

13

14

21

34

18

5

8

160

7878

49.24

8

Fx

747

936

650

885

715

700

945

1394

630

140

136

e-resources access to outside

F

4

5

13

9

15

14

15

20

33

21

11

160

7018

43.86

9

Fx

332

360

845

531

825

700

675

820

1155

588

187

Downloadable e-resources

F

3

4

8

12

13

13

13

15

21

44

14

160

6535

40.84

10

Fx

249

288

520

708

715

650

585

615

735

1232

238

Inter library loan services

F

2

4

6

4

8

6

11

9

19

22

69

160

5138

32.11

11

Fx

166

288

390

236

440

300

495

369

665

616

1173

x = Scale value; f = Number of respondents; fx = Score

Percentage rank from I to XI was calculated by formula and Garrett Scale.

M= Mean Score; R= Rank

 

 


Table no. 7 shows that the choice of over all students of Chhattisgarh in the present era reveals staff helpfulness and staff friendliness are most preferred services and 1st and 2nd rank given in the priority order of maximum respondents. Staff Competence is ranked 5th by maximum respondents. Noise level of library is ranked 7th position. Cleanliness as 6th ranked by most of respondents. Security and safety is ranked 3rd position. Computer with Internet access is 4th rank by most of the respondents. Wireless access to the Internet is rated at 8th.Resources to outside access is ranked 9th position by respondents. Downloadable resources are preferred by 10th rank by most of the respondents. Inter library loan service expected at the last order by the majority of the respondents

 

CONCLUSION:

In present era digitization has brought significant change in all work of life. Libraries are not exception to this. The management of libraries has also witnessed positive changed in all its spheres. The findings of the present study are evident of this. Various services of the University libraries of Chhattisgarh such as Circulation, Catalouging, e-resources retrieval, reference service, automation etc. has seen improvement. Satisfaction level of users has also increased significantly.

 

As it is said that 'adoption of new technology is not a matter of choice, it is a matter of survival,' the University libraries of Chhattisgarh in its management aspects are embarrassing digital technology for its firm existence. Presently the change looks to be positive but the real story will be told by the time to come. It will surely provide a new domain for further study.

 

FINDINGS:

The following findings were drawn from this study:

1.     91.2% respondents are of the opinion that in there is a positive change in libraries in digital era.

2.     Circulation Service, Cataloguing, e-resource retrieval facility, Content page alert service on current journals, Current awareness services of newly acquired books, Reference/information service, Online renewal, IT implement etc. by the University library of Chhattisgarh are found to be more satisfactory in digital era compare to traditional one.

3.     Staff helpfulness has been top ranked by the students of University of Chhattisgarh when it comes to satisfaction level.

4.     Inter library loan service as the least popular service reported by the students of University of Chhattisgarh.

5.     Students are of the opinion that security and safety provided by Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur and Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur are also found to be good enough.

 

REFERENCES:

1.     Abubakar, Bappah Magaji. Digital Libraries in Nigeria in the Era of Global Change: A Perspective of the Major Challenges. TRIM . 2010; 6 (2): 125.

2.     Lalotra, Seema and Gupta, Sangita. Information Needs and Expectations in Digital Era: A Study of Select Agricultural Institutes in Northern India. TRIM.2010; 6 (2): 113.

3.     Ashutosh. Aggregation of Library Resources in the Digital World: A One-Stop Shop. Journal of Knowledge and Communication Management.2013; 3 (1): 70-81.

4.     Yang Yanyan, Omer F. Rana and David W. Walker . Agent based data management in digital libraries .Parallel Computing.2002; 28: 773–792.

5.     Dollah,W.A.K.W., Digital reference Services in Selected Public academic libraries in Malaysia: A case Study. Proceeding of the Asia-Pacific Conference on library and Information Education and practice. Singapore.2006;122-135.

6.     Penka, Jeffrey T. The technological changes of digital reerence : an overview. D-Lib Magazine. 2003;9(2).

7.     Wasik, Joann M. Building and maintaing digital Reference source. ERIC Digest.1999.

8.     Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur .n.d. web.http://www.prsu.ac.in/Default.aspx, 23 Jan.2017

9.     Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur.n.d.web.http://www.ggu.ac.in/central_library.html, 23 Jan.2017   

10.  Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur.n.d. web. http://www.igau.edu.in/history.htm, 23 Jan.2017

11.  Hidaytullah National Law University, Raipur.n.d. web. https://www.hnlu.ac.in/index.php/library/our-library, 23 Jan.2017


 

 

 


 

 

 

Received on 17.03.2017                Modified on 02.04.2017

Accepted on 17.04.2017          © A&V Publications all right reserved

Asian J. Management; 2017; 8(2):235-240.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5763.2017.00036.1