1. INTRODUCTION

Happiness at Workplace; there are two terms Happiness and Workplace to be discussed individually and in combination. Let us dig into the concept.

1.1 Happiness

Defining happiness would be a little tough task hence initially the study attempts to determine what it is not and thus determining what it is? Happiness is the indescribable state. Each one of us seeks for happiness, and its pursuits keep changing over the lifespan.

In a certain age for a person happiness must be playing outdoor games with friends, in another age group, he would define happiness as going out on a long drive with friends and having fun whereas in an additional age group the same person would express happiness in relaxing on the sofa on a Sunday. Entertainment at a party, the excitement of new experiences, the ecstasy and various other bodily desires, or the delights of an excellent meal may also define happiness at first glimpse. However, these are all when given second sight; are considered as just a few delightful experiences to be appreciated and enjoyed for the time being. They cannot be termed as happiness. Instead, they are ways to make us feel happy.

These experiences are defining Pleasure. They are merely experiences to have and let go. Similar to a meal that is tempting and savoring, but you cannot have it forever in you. It is to be digested. Pleasure is transitory, and it must be so. If it lasts too long to delight us, then our brains may become accustomed to them and turn pleasure into a routine. As soon as this happens, it demands, even more, to make us feel good again. Running behind pleasures is not happiness.

Now the question is, if happiness is not the same thing as pleasure, then what is happiness?

"Happiness is when your life fulfils your needs" (Benjamin). In other words, happiness comes when you feel satisfied and fulfilled. Happiness is a feeling of contentment, which life is just as it should be. Perfect happiness, enlightenment, comes when you have all of your needs satisfied. Happiness is something everybody desires to have. You may be prosperous and have loads of money, but deprived of joy, it will be worthless. Happiness is a subjective experience - what brings elation to one person will not necessarily satisfy another - but from a psychological viewpoint, we must be able to quantify this state of mind to understand it (Psychology of Happiness). Psychologists frequently allude to happiness as the positive move - a mood or emotional state which is carried about by usually specific considerations and frame of mind. It is a must-have for every human being whether the surroundings are personal, social or professional. Theorists, psychologists, thinker and even economists, have long pursued to define it, and since the 1990s, an entire branch of psychology namely positive psychology has been devoted to trapping it down and reproducing it. Beyond just constructive mood, happiness is a state of well-being that incorporates living a respectable life specifically, with a sagacity of sense and profound satisfaction.

Various research studies recommend that happiness is a blend of how contented you are with your life (let's say, finding sense in your work) and how virtuous you feel on the everyday basis. Both of these are comparatively steady—specifically, our life changes, and our mood sways, but our all-purpose happiness is more hereditarily resolute than anything else. An American film, television and theatre performer, vocalist, dancer, activist and author Shirley MacLaine defined happiness as, “To be happy, you have to be willing to be compliant with not knowing.”

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, an American politician, diplomat and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States. According to her happiness is “A feeling that you have been honest with yourself and those around you; a feeling that you have done the best you could both in your personal life and in your work; and the ability to love others.”

Mastin Kipp, an author, businessperson and inspirational speaker said that "I do not expect always to be happy, I accept what is. Moreover, that acceptance is key. This is what self-love is all about, really, acceptance and the ability to love yourself right where you are.”

Michael Andrew Fox, OC, recognized workwise as Michael J. Fox, is a Canadian-American actor, writer, producer, and activist. He defined happiness as, “My happiness grows in direct proportion to my acceptance, and in inverse proportion to my expectations.” (Khoddam, 2015).

Shawn Achor is an American happiness researcher, writer, and orator known for his advocacy of positive psychology. For him, happiness is, “the joy we feel striving for our potential.” (The Definition of Happiness in Psychology)

Gautama Buddha was an austere and sage, who coined Buddhism, opined that "the path to happiness starts from an understanding of the causes of suffering."

Similarly, many other definitions of happiness in the books, websites, journals, magazines etc. could be discovered. Many studies show; happiness is not the outcome of being active from one pleasure to the next; attaining happiness usually implicates times of substantial discomfort. Financial stability is vital to happiness, but only to a definite point. Inherited makeup, life situations, achievements, and marital status, social associations, even neighbors; all have an impact on deciding how happy you are or could be.

1.1.1 Types of Happiness:

Dr Martin E.P. Seligman, an American psychologist, educationalist, founder of Positive Psychology, and author of various self-help books proposed three types of happiness as the Pleasant life, Engaged life and Meaningful life. According to him; a pleasant life consists of having as much pleasure as you can, as many of the positive emotions, and learning some of the dozen or so techniques that work for increasing the duration and intensity of your pleasures. There are shortcuts to the preferences. You can go shopping; you can watch television; you can take drugs. These things do not lead to true happiness. An engaged life is being one with the music, being wrapped up in the people you love or what you are hearing. There are no shortcuts to the engaged life. The engaged life can only be had by first knowing what your highest strengths are, your signature strengths, and re-crafting your life to use them at work, in love, in leisure, parenting and friendship. Whereas a meaningful life consists of again knowing what your highest strengths and talents are and using them in the service of something that you believe is bigger than you are.

Though, happiness can also be divided into many other bases besides ones mentioned above. Researchers estimate that much of happiness is under personal control. Regularly indulging in small pleasures (such as warm baths!), shopping, reading, getting absorbed in challenging activities, setting and meeting goals, maintaining close social ties, and finding the purpose beyond oneself are all actions that increase life satisfaction. They can be termed as momentary happiness.

1.2 Workplace:

The workplace is the physical place where someone works and earns. It is a place of employment. Such a place could be a home-office or a large office building or industrial unit. For industrial societies, the workplace is one among the significant social sites except for the home, organizing a fundamental idea for several individuals: the employee and his/her family, the paying organization, the clientele of the organization, and the society altogether. A workplace with sound infrastructure, healthy environment, proper safety measures, suitable working hours, substantial penalties and security procedures for all levels of management people results in better productivity for the organization.

1.3 Happiness at Workplace:

Professional happiness is also stated as Happiness at Workplace. It talks about how contented people are with their work and lives. It has conventionally been seen as a budding by-product of constructive outcomes at work, instead of a way to business achievement. The indication of happiness is associated with individual's particular comfort. Happiness at the workplace is vital for refining efficiency in any organization. Various researchers consider that organizations which are capable of maintaining enduring happiness at the workplace could perhaps increase and stretch out output. Therefore, they should know what factors could distress employee happiness so as to enhance happiness at the workplace proficiently.

Happiness at the workplace refers to an individual’s work and life satisfaction, or subjective well-being at the workplace (Bhattacharjee and Bhattcharjee, 2010). Leaders and managers have the utmost influence on the entire culture of an organization; therefore it is their duty to put a check on what is worth making their subordinates happy.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW:

Happiness at Work is demarcated equally by characterizing and inconducive to happiness views at work. Happiness may be defined as the experience of frequent positive affect, infrequent adverse effect and an overall sense of satisfaction with life as a whole (Myers and Diener, 1995) and Work is one of the critical aspects of people's lives (Dulk, Groeneveld, Ollier-Malaterre, and Valcour, 2013). However, then why do we work? To earn a living or there is more than beside it? (Schwartz, 2015) In his book mentioned that "Their work challenges satisfied workers. It forces them to stretch themselves—to go outside their comfort zones." It was also suggested by him that, "Satisfied people do their work because they feel that they are in charge. Their workday offers them a measure of autonomy and discretion."

This raises the question, is every worker satisfied at the workplace?(Fisher C. D., 2010)Reviewed what is known about the definition, causes and consequences of happiness at work, drawing insights from the expanding positive psychology literature on happiness in general. In an article (Sloan, 2012) examines gender differences in the emotion management of men and women in the workplace. (Saenghiran, 2013) conducted a study to knowhow an Organization Development Intervention (ODI) can enhance Happiness at Work concerning Feelings at Work, Job Satisfaction, and Subjective Happiness of administrative staff members at Assumption University. (Jones and Lindsay, 2014) explained the science of Happiness at Work delivers the return on investment and strategic outcomes when correctly implemented. (Wesarat, Sharif, and Majid, 2015) presented a possible conceptual framework of happiness at the workplace that gave the valuable contribution to future research in this area.

So much of your life is spent at work; a huge deciding factor in your well-being is whether or not you are happy at work.(Valentine) Furthermore, it is assumed that "it is a frame of mind which empowers action to get the most out of the performance and accomplish prospectively." Happiness at Work in effect mostly depends on the individual. For an individual being happy at the workplace is equally essential as for him/her to breathe, eat and drink. Happiness at Work is an umbrella concept that includes a large number of constructs ranging from transient moods and emotions to relatively stable attitudes and highly stable individual dispositions at the person level to aggregate attitudes at the unit level(Fisher C., 2010).

(Sharon, 2011) Opined that individuals who find their lives (inside and outside of work) rewarding and fulfilling are generally more successful in the workplace. It has also been concluded that the happier the employees are, the more probabilities to stay in the firm (Choo and Bowley, 2007). Happiness mostly results from an individual‘s autonomy power or the ability to personally take decisions. People who choose to work as a choice are happy. Roles, therefore, should be assigned to individuals with discretion depending on their level of autonomy. In organizations where employers have no freedom to make decisions or use their discretion, the employees become demotivated and less effective. (Gavin and Mason, 2004) Besides, the positive psychology helps to achieve happiness and also hold back the individual from targeting at the unmanageable.(Edmunds and Pryce-Jones, 2008) Demarcated Happiness at Work as about mindfully making the best use of the resources one has to overcome the challenge one is facing. Actively relishing the highs and managing the lows will help one maximizing one's performance and achieve one's potential. Moreover, this not only builds one's happiness but also that of others. The type of organization in which the worker is hired will also be a determinant of his or her happiness, since there are ones that take care of their employees in a better way than others do security (Block J. H., 2011) (Habbershon and Williams, 1999) (Memili, Eddleston, Zellweger, Kellermanns, and Barnett, 2010) (Poza, Alfred, and Maheshwari, 1997). On the other hand, Teamwork is the primary key to maintain a climate of real happiness at work. (Mateu, 2016). (Namie, 2016) Suggested that when people work less, most people enjoy their life more. This data implies that long work time decreases the opportunity to enjoy their life.However, voluntary part-time employees who choose not to work full-time are happier than those full-time employees (Nikolova and Graham, 2014) whereas it was opined by (Mohanty, 2009) that some psychological capital variables (for example positive attitude or self-esteem) are likely to affect the worker's happiness positively. So these capital variables could have an effect on the employee's' wage not only directly, but also in an indirect way through their effects on happiness. In an attempt to define happiness at the workplace (Cheloha and Farr, 1980) proposed involvement in work be NIL the first step to achieving satisfaction at work, which is essential to feel happy with one work. The desire for more income remains a powerful motive among many people who in need to earn more (Ahuvia, 2008) this was later on supported by Mohanty who demonstrated that the worker’s wage has a positive effect on his or her positive attitude. (Mohanty, 2009)

3. DISCUSSION:

Job holders spend on an average of eight to ten hoursin their work or job-related activities. So whether a person is happy or not will largely dependon whether he is happy or not in his workplace (Tasnim, 2016). Thus working hours proved to be a crucial part of ones' happiness at the workplace. Whereas autonomy leads employees to feel personally responsible for their work; and feedback provides employees with precise knowledge of the results of their work (Hackman and Oldham, 1980).

Work involvement is another possible arbitrator of the effect of professional goal progress on happiness. (Greenhaus, Bedeian, and Mossholder, 1987) Discovered that for employees reporting extensive time commitment to work, high levels of job performance (measured as supervisor ratings) were associated with increased life satisfaction. Hence, we expect work involvement to moderate the link between self-rated goal progress and well-being.Workplace teams are comprised of superiors, subordinates and colleagues. Teamwork is often a crucial part of a business, as it is often necessary for colleagues to work well together, trying their best in any circumstance. Teamwork means that people will try to cooperate, using their skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between individuals. Consequently, people are motivated to make friends for the rewards they provide, be they social or more tangible and functional. Thus within the workplace too, it is reasonable to assume that some people make friends to enhance their working conditions (Morrison and Terry, 2007). Friendship at the workplace facilitates the exchange of resources and ideas among employees(Chang, 2013). Workplace friendships are linked to increased job satisfaction, job involvement, job performance, team cohesion, organizational commitment, and decreased intentions to turnover (Reich and Hershcovis, 2011)

Bradley Brummel, a PhD in workplace psychology says that "It is important to understand higher income appears to correspond to increases in almost all other things that do a happy job. Some of these things include interesting work, autonomy, flexibility, and interesting coworkers."

Accordingly, individuals who find their lives rewarding and fulfilling are generally more successful in the workplace (Sharon, 2011). Similarly, in the absence of excellent resources, it would be difficult for employees to perform the tasks allotted to them. Thus all the above factors contribute to happiness at work.

4. CONCLUSION:

An attempt has been made through this research paper to find out what literature has to say about determinants of happiness at the workplace. It can be concluded that Happiness at Workplace for employees could be determined when employees are hired in a right organization in a right position at the right time. (Half, 2017) Says a poor fit can dampen the morale of the entire team. Employees who see their work as worthwhile are nearly 2.5 times happier than others. (Morgan, 2017)Opined higher wages are tied to higher levels of worker satisfaction. It has also been observed that employees with higher levels of autonomy in their work reported positive effects on their overall well-being and higher levels of job satisfaction (University of Birmingham, 2017).

To conclude what has been told earlier follows the same to the recent times as well.

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Received on 21.05.2018 Modified on 22.06.2018

Asian Journal of Management. 2018; 9(3):1090-1095.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5763.2018.00173.7

S. No.	Measure	About
1	Autonomy	(Gavin and Mason, 2004)
2	Capital variables (positive attitude or self-esteem)	(Mohanty, 2009)
3	Involvement In Work	(Cheloha and Farr, 1980)
4	More Income/Wage	(Ahuvia, 2008)(Mohanty, 2009)
5	Rewarding and Fulfilled Life	(Sharon, 2011)
6	Teamwork	(Mateu, 2016)
7	Type of organization	(Block J., 2011)(Habbershon and Williams, 1999) (Memili, Eddleston, Zellweger, Kellermanns, and Barnett, 2010) (Poza, Alfred, and Maheshwari, 1997)
8	Use Of The Resources	(Edmunds and Pryce-Jones, 2008)
9	Working hours	(Namie, 2016)(Nikolova and Graham, 2014)