Activity, Effect on Human and Salvation from effect of COVID-19

 

Niloy Sarkar¹, Bijoy Kumar Mandal², Soumya Paul²

¹Dean-Academics, The Neotia University, W.B., India.

²Associate Professor, Computer Science and Engineering, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Durgapur, India.

 

ABSTRACT:

At present most of the world is at a standstill for the exponential increment of novel Corona virus outbreak. Novel Corona virus is one of the most dangerous viruses in the world. After extensive investigation, now it is clear that the onset of the current novel Corona virus started from Wuhan Seafood Market during December 2019, possibly from different zoonotic events. [1] Corona virus is actually a respiratory infection in humans, where the characteristics of Corona virus are similar with the characteristics of SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV originated in Guangdong, China, in the year 2002, a total of 8098 people were affected from the virus in 37 countries [2]. After that another Corona virus, namely the Middle East respiratory syndrome Corona virus (MERS-CoV) which was first identified in Saudi Arabia in the year 2012 [3]. At present the whole world is suffering for another Corona virus named 2019-novel Corona virus (2019n-CoV), which originated in Wuhan, China. Among SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and 2019n-CoV there are many similarities. Whereas the novel Corona virus is transmitted from humans to another human, the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have found in animal body [4]. The necessary figures related to COVID-19 outbreak in all over the world is – Confirmed cases – 29,59,929, Confirmed deaths – 2, 02, 733 and Countries, areas or territories affected - 213 based on the WHO’s report of 28-April-2020. in order to defeat the COVID-19 we should gather more knowledge about this pandemic, hence in this paper we will discuss about various demerits and merits of novel Corona virus pandemic.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

At present the novel Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) has taken an epidemic stature all over the world. On 28-April-2020 this figure is shown in Fig 1 and Fig 2. The COVID-19 virus basically spreads from one person to another person through droplets, i.e. extracting from the nose or mouth of a COVID-19 positive person. Mainly this virus spread by coughs, sneezes, or breathe of a COVID-19 positive person.

 

This virus is comparatively heavier than other normal viruses; hence it does not travel far and quickly descend to the ground. COVID-19 comes within a human body when that person inhales within 3 feet from where a COVID-19 affected person has left his/her droplet. In different types of inanimate surfaces persistence rate is different and that is shown in Fig. 1.

 

Type of surface	Virus		Strain / Isolate	Inoculum (viral titer)	Temperature	%
Steel		MERS-CoV	Isolate HCoV-		105		20°C		48 h
				EMC/2012				30°C		8-24 h
		TGEV		Unknown		106		4°C		≥ 28 d
									20°C		3-28 d
									40°C		4-96 h
		MHV		Unknown		106		4°C		≥ 28 d
									20°C		4-28 d
									40°C		4-96 h
		HCoV		Strain 229E		103		21°C		5 d
Aluminum	HCoV		Strains 229E		5 x 103		21°C		2-8 h
				and OC43
Metal		SARS-CoV	Strain P9		105		RT		5 d
Wood		SARS-CoV	Strain P9		105		RT		4 d
Paper		SARS-CoV	Strain P9		105		RT		4-5 d
		SARS-CoV	Strain GVU6109		106		RT		24 h
							105				3 h
							104				< 5 min
Glass		SARS-CoV	Strain P9		105		RT		4 d
		HCoV		Strain 229E		103		21°C		5 d
Plastic		SARS-CoV	Strain HKU39849	105		22°-25°C	≤ 5 d
		MERS-CoV	Isolate HCoV-		105		20°C		48 h
				EMC/2012				30°C		8-24 h
		SARS-CoV	Strain P9		105		RT		4 d
		SARS-CoV	Strain FFM1		107		RT		6-9 d
		HCoV		Strain 229E		107		RT		2-6 d
PVC		HCoV		Strain 229E		103		21°C		5 d
Silicon rubber	HCoV		Strain 229E		103		21°C		5 d
Surgical glove	HCoV		Strains 229E		5 x 103		21°C		≤ 8 h
(latex)				and OC43
Disposable gown	SARS-CoV	Strain GVU6109		106		RT		2 d
							102				24 h
							104				1 h
Ceramic		HCoV		Strain 229E		103		21°C		5 d
Teflon		HCoV		Strain 229E		103		21°C		5 d

Fig 1: Existence of Corona viruses on different types of inert surfaces⁴⁸

 

 

Fig 2: Overall diagram of 29, 59,929 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the world based on 28-April-2020, which is reported by WHO

 

Fig 3: Overall diagram of 2, 02,733 death cases of COVID-19 in the world based on 28-April-2020, which is reported by WHO

 

Related Works:

In literature, much information regarding human disease for the infection of Corona virus are available, where respiratory problem is the main problem, but no proper explanation about the condition of the lungs of a Corona virus positive person. In April 2020 Kristine et al. [49] have described internal condition of lung after infection of Corona virus by the lung postmortem report of a 37 year old dead person. Lungs of that person showed a stone-like mucus layer and different other symptoms like histologic changes attributable to asthma, early diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and a fibrinous pneumonia. In April 2020 Umesh et al. [50] have gifted us with a new antidote to fight against COVID-19, where the root of this chemical drug is our famous Indian spices. In this paper bioinformatics approaches are used for finding the chemical compounds from Indian spices, which can intercept SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDBID: 6Y84). Here the information regarding the Indian spices are gathered from PubChem database or Zinc database.

 

Preliminaries:

·       Corona virus:

Corona virus belong to RNA virus group that cause diseases in mammals and birds.⁵ When humans are affected by this virus then respiratory infection related problems arise, where the range of illnesses vary from light to heavy. Light illness may cause due to common  cold, while heavy illnesses can be the cause of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.⁵ Till now we are unable to discover vaccines or antidote to destroy Corona virus family for which sustaining is the biggest challenge in every human life.⁵ Corona viruses made the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.^6,7 Corona virus covered with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. Ranges of genome size of Corona viruses belongs to 26 to 32 kilobases, i.e., biggest among all RNA viruses.⁸ Diagram of Orthocoronavirinae shown in Fig 4.

 

·       Structure:

Structure of Corona viruses are most likely spherical, sometimes it looks like pleomorphic, particles with bulbous surface projections.⁹ The average diameter of the virus particles is around 125 nm (.125 μm). The diameter of the envelope is 85 nm and the spikes are 20 nm long. The viral warped with lipid bilayer where three structural proteins are - membrane (M), envelope € and spike (S).^10,11,12 The ratio of E:S:M is approximately 1:20:300.¹³ Cross-sectional model of a Corona virus is shown in Fig 5.

 

 

a. Electromagnatic telescopic view of avian infection bronchitis virus

 

 

b. External views of Novel Corona virus

Fig 4: Diagram of Orthocoronavirinae

 

Fig 5: Cross-sectional model of a Corona virus

 

·      Classification:⁵

Corona virus also called Orthocoronavirinae or Coronavirinae.^14,15,16 Corona viruses belong to the family of Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.^6,17 They are divided into two groups- 1^st one is alpha Corona viruses and beta Corona viruses by which mammals are effected, and 2^nd one is gamma Corona viruses and delta Corona viruses by which birds are effected.^18,19

·       Genus: Alpha Corona virus;²⁰ type species: AlphaCorona virus 1 (TGEV)

·       Genus Beta Corona virus;²¹ type species: Murine Corona virus (MHV)

·       Genus Gamma Corona virus;²² type species: Avian Corona virus (IBV)

·       Genus Delta Corona virus;⁵ type species: Bulbul Corona virus HKU11

 

·       Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)⁵

In year 2003, at first the eruption of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was started in Asia, and after that spread it in the world. The official name of that virus is SARS Corona virus (SARS-CoV). More than 8,000 people were infected with this virus, and among them 10% have died.²³

 

·       Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)⁵

In September 2012, a new type of Corona virus had emerged named Novel Corona virus 2012, and now it’s officially name is Middle East respiratory syndrome Corona virus (MERS-CoV).^24,25,26 WHO have announced on 28 September 2012 that the virus did not spread easily from person to person.²⁷ One controversy arose when French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health on 12 May 2013confirmed this virus can spread from one human to another human.²⁸ By the report of 30 October 2013, the number of total confirmed cases were 124 and death cases were 52 in Saudi Arabia.^29,30

 

In December 2019, total confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection is 2,468 and 851 among 2,468 were dead, where the fatality rate was 34.5%.^31,32,33

 

·       COVID-19

In December 2019, COVID-19 started to spread from Wuhan, China.[35] On 31 December 2019, people have known about this,³⁶ and at that time World Health Organization (WHO) have given a name of that virus, i.e. 2019-nCoV.^37,38,39 After that it is renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

 

According to the report of 30 April 2020, total confirmed case is 227,368⁴⁰ and deaths case is more than 3,190,743.⁴⁰ This virus is identical with bat Corona virus, where identical rate is 96%.^41,42,43

 

Different information regarding human Corona virus-MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, are shown in Fig 6.

 

Effects:

Novel Corona virus has given us many bad as well as some good things that are described in bellow:

 

Bad Effects:

·       Many people have lost their lives (The figure is 2,02,733 based on 28-April-2020 announced by WHO).

·       For the nationwide lockdown we are able to defeat the novel Corona virus in a small rate, but in another way, this lockdown is the cause of our present poor economic condition.

·       For this natural disaster we are suffering from a panic in every moment.

 

Good Effects:

Now the term“Corona Positive” is the most terrible term, but let’s not indicate that “All are Negative”. We all know that the end of dark is the start of light, after bad days, a good day must come.

 

 

	MERS-CoV	SARS-CoV	SARS-CoV-2
Disease	MERS	SARS	COVID-19
Outbreaks	2012, 2015, 2018	2002-2004	2019-2020 pandemic
Epidemiology
Date of first identified case	June 2012	November 2002	December 2019
Location of first identified case	Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	Shunde, China	Wuhan, China
Age average	56	44	56
Sex ratio (M:F)	3.3:1	0.8:1	1.6:1
Confirmed cases	2494	8096	3,190,743
Deaths	858	774	227,368
Case fatality rate	37%	9.2%	7.1%
Symptoms
Fever	98%	99-100%	87.9%
Dry Cough	47%	29-75%	67.7%
Dyspnea	72%	40-42%	18.6%
Diarrhea	26%	20-25%	3.7%
Sore throat	21%	13-25%	13.9%
Ventilator use	24.5%	14-20%	4.1%

 

Fig 6: Span of Outbreak, Epidemiology and Symptoms of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2⁵

Hence when we are being devastated for Corona virus pandemic, as well as we are getting many good gifts from nature-

·       When in India the total death cases are 1079, the recover cases are 8437, i.e. is near about 8 times than death cases. If we see world scenario then the recover case is near about 4.5 times than death case.⁴⁶ In last few days new case detection is lesser than begging time.

·       Air pollution rate is very less.

·       The Seas are becoming plastic free.

·       For decreasing air pollution, ozone hole is decreasing in ozonosphere.

·       Now we can use the devoted money of air cleanness work in health.

 

AWARNESS:

After death of humans from Corona virus, doctors have post mortem their bodies and gathered many knowledges and from that point they are saying to us-

·       In every human body throat is the first affected organ, where Corona virus stay 3 to 4 days. After that it comes to throat and create a mucus layer that is hard as stone, for that all entry point of oxygen into lung is totally blocked. Hence we should drink hot water, tea, coffee repeatedly.

·       We should gurgle using lemon water, hot salt water etc.

·       In 20 minutes interval we should wash our hand using soap, alcohol or hand sanitizer.

·       We should maintain social distancing.

·       After coming from outside we should change and wash our clothes and take a bath.

 

 

Statistical Analysis:

WHO has divided the whole world in 6 regions to compare growth of every day confirmed cases of Corona virus. These 6 regions are – Europe, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific, South-East Asia, and Africa. We have shown every day confirmed cases in that regions in Fig 7. In Fig 7 every bar of every epidemic curve indicates different day. Range of date is from 11-January-2020 to 29-April-2020.

 

CONCLUSIONS:

At the end of this paper we can conclude that, now we should protect our beautiful world by forgetting any revenge or any racism or any political conflict related to this natural disaster. We have already known in the year of 2008 about Corona virus from book titled “End of Days” written by Sylvia Browne. This book predicts most of the incidents which are occurring in present world like novel Corona virus pandemic or which will occur in future up to the End of the World.

 

A photo⁴⁵ of an excerpt from the book is going viral across social media platforms, i.e. shown in Fig 8. After publication of this book we should have been prepared about the novel Corona virus, but we have ignored it. If we had been prepared it would not have been a pandemic. At present Major countries of the world say that birth place of Corona virus is China laboratory, for taking an attempt to manufacture a vaccine against HIV in a Chinese lab.⁴⁴ It may be or may not be true, but it is true that Wuhan, China is the birth place of novel Corona virus. Now we should stand as a shield in front of this natural disaster novel Corona virus and defeat it.

 

Fig 7: Comparative study of daily confirmed cases in six regions, declared by WHO from 11-January-2020 to 29-April-2020

 

Fig 8: Viral picture of book titled “End of Days”, written by Sylvia Browne⁴⁵

 

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